Why, when The Bismarck sank, and hundreds of German sailors were in the water, did the British ships turn around instead of continuing toward the men to rescue them?
British crews had already hauled over a hundred freezing survivors from the Bismarck aboard when a terrifying sight in the waves forced them to flee, leaving hundreds to drown.
On May 27, 1941, the German battleship had slipped beneath the waves of the North Atlantic after a relentless pounding by the Royal Navy. In the immediate aftermath, British ships—specifically the cruiser HMS Dorsetshire and the destroyer HMS Maori—maneuvered into the debris field and began throwing ropes over their sides.
The rescue operation was proceeding steadily until it abruptly stopped. The British ships throttled up their engines, gathered speed, and steamed away.
This sudden abandonment was not born of malice or a desire for revenge, but of strict naval self-preservation. While the rescue was underway, lookouts on the Dorsetshire spotted what they believed to be the periscope of a German U-boat. Captain Benjamin Martin of the Dorsetshire immediately ordered the rescue aborted and commanded the ships to clear the area.
In naval warfare, a ship sitting stationary in the water to pick up survivors is an unmissable target for a submarine. Standard operating procedure dictated that a warship's primary responsibility was to its own crew and the integrity of the vessel. Risking a cruiser and a destroyer—along with the lives of all the British sailors aboard—to rescue enemy combatants while a submarine was suspected to be lining up a torpedo shot was an unacceptable gamble.
The threat was not entirely imagined. German U-boats were known to be operating in the sector, drawn by the desperate radio traffic of the sinking battleship. Later that evening, the German submarine U-74 arrived at the scene and managed to find and rescue three more survivors, while a German weather ship picked up two others the following day.
Out of a crew of over 2,200 men, only 114 survived the sinking of the Bismarck. The British ships left the rest behind because the brutal arithmetic of submarine warfare demanded that a stationary rescue vessel either start moving or risk joining the sinking ship at the bottom of the ocean.
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