Hitler could have invaded Lichtenstein in about twenty minutes. This country has no army, not even a single tank, and only 11,000 residents in 1939. However, the territory of this principality remained intact throughout the war.
In March 1939, the young prince of Lichtenstein, Franz Josef II, did something unexpected: he went to Berlin to personally discuss the situation in his homeland with Adolf Hitler. The Fuhrer agreed to see the little prince, who assured him that Lichtenstein wanted to remain neutral and independent. Perhaps because of this meeting, Hitler left Liechtenstein alone, as it was politically expedient for him.
In early March, the locals in the capital of the principality, Vaduz, were disturbed by rumors of a coup attempt. Hitler’s supporters wanted to create chaos in the city and most likely provoke an armed intervention of German troops. However, ordinary citizens blocked the Nazis and stopped them from seizing control of the government buildings. In addition, the authorities in Vaduz appealed to the coup plotters and persuaded them to give up their plans. When the coup failed, the Lichtenstein Nazi party turned to Berlin for help, but the request was refused.
The main reason why Germany did not occupy Lichtenstein is the presence of Switzerland as a protective barrier. Since 1923, Liechtenstein’s finances have been controlled by Swiss banks, while Swiss guards protect the borders of the principality. During the war, the Swiss remained neutral, which was extremely advantageous to Germany in terms of trade and access to raw materials. In addition, Hitler relied on Swiss banks to finance the Nazi Party and the German military machine. Thus, if Hitler had ordered the Wehrmacht to occupy Liechtenstein, the Swiss would most likely declare war on Germany, cutting off all financial and commercial ties with Berlin. For this reason, Hitler postponed Operation Tannenbaum, the plan for the joint invasion of Switzerland and Liechtenstein, until the end of the war with the USSR, which he did not manage to achieve. I’d appreciate an upvote if you find it helpful and informative.
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