1944: Helen Taussig was a deaf pediatric cardiologist whose patients were babies born blue. Harvard had refused her a medical degree. Every surgeon she approached said what she wanted to do was impossible.
The babies were dying in her arms. Their hearts could not pump enough blood to their lungs. No one had ever operated on a living child's heart. The medical establishment called them hopeless.
She learned to read heartbeats by touch. She told surgeon Alfred Blalock and technician Vivien Thomas where to cut.
On November 29, 1944, a 15-month-old girl named Eileen Saxon lived. "Learn to listen with your fingers," Helen said.
The shunt she conceived has since saved hundreds of thousands of children.

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