What was life like for the Japanese seamen captured after the Battle of Midway, and how did they survive being adrift at sea?
Left for dead deep inside a sinking carrier at Midway, 39 Japanese engineers escaped. They survived 14 brutal days adrift, only to weep and beg their American rescuers to execute them.
When the aircraft carrier Hiryu was fatally bombed in June 1942, most of the surviving crew transferred to escorting destroyers before the ship was scuttled. The command assumed the men in the engine rooms were dead. As the torpedoed Hiryu slowly sank, the trapped engineers managed to break out of the lower decks, scramble topside, and push away in a 30-foot Navy cutter just as the ship went under.
They were now adrift in the middle of the Pacific Ocean with almost no supplies. The men had only a small keg of water and a few hardtack biscuits. Over the next two weeks, they survived by catching rainwater in a canvas tarp and, when that failed, drinking their own urine. Four men died of exposure, dehydration, and starvation before an American PBY Catalina patrol plane spotted the cutter on June 19.
The seaplane tender USS Ballard picked up the 35 emaciated survivors. They were given medical care, water, and food, but their physical recovery was overshadowed by a profound psychological crisis.
In the Imperial Japanese military, the Senjinkun (Field Service Code) forbade surrender. Capture was considered a fate worse than death, bringing shame not only to the soldier but to their entire family back home. When the survivors were brought ashore at Midway, many wept. Knowing that their families would be ostracized if it became known they had allowed themselves to be taken alive, almost all of the survivors gave interrogators false names.
Despite their fears, the reality of captivity contradicted Japanese propaganda, which had warned that Americans would torture and murder prisoners. The men received warm clothing, regular meals, and medical treatment. After temporary detention at Pearl Harbor, they were transferred to the continental United States, eventually spending the remainder of the war at Camp McCoy in Wisconsin. While they were physically safe and well-fed, they lived out the rest of the conflict burdened by the stigma of being alive.
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