Most were sent home as soon as possible. (Which took a while.) Some were placed on occupation duty, including men newly inducted into the service. The army was reduced, but not to prewar levels.
Speed of demobilization varied greatly. If ships and airplanes were available, it happened pretty quickly. My father was in the Navy in the Pacific — which had hundreds of ships available — and I believe he got back to New York very soon after the war ended.
In ”Masters of the Air,” Donald Miller relates that a bomb group in England conducted humanitarian flights after the German surrender, and then one day in August, the air crews just flew away back to the States, leaving the base empty.
Ground forces, however, often had to wait months in camp for transport home. They couldn’t just stuff men into Liberty ships and had to make the best use of troopships and converted ocean liners.
in fact, the picture above is said to be the Queen Elizabeth entering New York on June 29, 1945, carrying mostly men of the Eighth Air Force, “The Mighty Eighth.” These would be mainly ground crew, admins, security forces, etc, and gunner sergeants. The officers flew the planes home.
At the end of June, many of these men would expect to be retrained and then sent out to the Pacific. (Eighth Air Force headquarters moved to Okinawa in July.) But the end of the war cut their travels short.
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