Did the spikes on WW1 German helmets provide any strategic advantage, or were they just ceremonial?
I am not sure that strategic (a plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim) advantage is the correct term. The best that a helmet can do is to reduce the incidence of head wounds which, I suppose, can make an army as a whole marginally more effective.
The Pickelhaube (literally pick hat) was a boiled leather helmet that originated in Russia and was adopted by Prussia, as thus Germany as a whole, between 1842 and 1887. Because the armies of all nations are notoriously fashion conscious, Prussia’s military successes in the 1860s and 1870s led to quite a widescale adoption including in Britain and the United States.Kaiser Wilhelm II and others wearing the Pickelhaube with cloth covers in 1915
The Pickelhaube had a spike that could take a plume or other decoration and that was, at least in theory, supposed to defect downward blows from a sabre towards the top of the head. It also had a slight rear projection to protect the neck that dates back to antiquity. After the charge of the Heavy Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava in 1854

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